Industrial Revolution and Urban Growth

The Industrial Revolution transformed many rural societies by shifting labor from farms to factories. As new machines improved pro, workers began migr to rapidly growing urban cen. This expan created new emp opportunities, but it also increased crowd and placed pressure on sanitation systems. Historians note that industrialization brought major techno advances as well as serious social chall. For this reason, the period is often studied as both an era of economic progress and a source of long-term demo chan.